Economic Complexity Index
How much productive knowledge a country's export basket implies, from how many distinct products it exports competitively and how few other countries can make those same products.
Economic Complexity Index: 1995 ranked 57 of 140; 1996 ranked 55 of 140; 1997 ranked 52 of 140; 1998 ranked 54 of 140; 1999 ranked 48 of 140; 2000 ranked 47 of 144; 2001 ranked 46 of 144; 2002 ranked 47 of 144; 2003 ranked 44 of 144; 2004 ranked 47 of 144; 2005 ranked 51 of 144; 2006 ranked 51 of 145; 2007 ranked 53 of 145; 2008 ranked 51 of 145; 2009 ranked 50 of 145; 2010 ranked 53 of 145; 2011 ranked 53 of 145; 2012 ranked 52 of 145; 2013 ranked 48 of 145; 2014 ranked 48 of 145; 2015 ranked 46 of 145; 2016 ranked 46 of 145; 2017 ranked 46 of 145; 2018 ranked 45 of 145; 2019 ranked 45 of 145; 2020 ranked 45 of 145; 2021 ranked 44 of 145; 2022 ranked 41 of 145; 2023 ranked 42 of 145; 2024 ranked 42 of 145.
What the publisher changed
- Harvard Growth Lab recomputes its whole history each edition, so the earlier figures here are the current ones for those years, not the numbers printed at the time.
Coverage
Thirty years, 1995 to 2024, for the 145 countries that meet the Growth Lab's trade-volume, population and data-quality thresholds. The field is 140 countries in the earliest years and 145 in the latest. South Africa is absent before 2000.
Limitations
The Growth Lab publishes three rankings side by side, one per product classification, and they disagree: for 2024 India places 42nd on HS92, 41st on HS12 and 46th on SITC. HS92 is stored because it is the only classification with the full thirty-year series — HS12 begins in 2012 — so a figure here will not match a press report quoting one of the others. The whole series is recomputed each release, so these are the current figures for those years rather than the numbers published at the time. The index reads a country's productive capability from its exports alone, so it says nothing about services, and a large commodity exporter scores low however rich it is.
Every stored edition
| Year | Rank | Field | ECI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 42 | 145 | 0.705 |
| 2023 | 42 | 145 | 0.71 |
| 2022 | 41 | 145 | 0.72 |
| 2021 | 44 | 145 | 0.687 |
| 2020 | 45 | 145 | 0.683 |
| 2019 | 45 | 145 | 0.687 |
| 2018 | 45 | 145 | 0.682 |
| 2017 | 46 | 145 | 0.628 |
| 2016 | 46 | 145 | 0.627 |
| 2015 | 46 | 145 | 0.618 |
| 2014 | 48 | 145 | 0.577 |
| 2013 | 48 | 145 | 0.571 |
| 2012 | 52 | 145 | 0.53 |
| 2011 | 53 | 145 | 0.48 |
| 2010 | 53 | 145 | 0.471 |
| 2009 | 50 | 145 | 0.504 |
| 2008 | 51 | 145 | 0.507 |
| 2007 | 53 | 145 | 0.536 |
| 2006 | 51 | 145 | 0.549 |
| 2005 | 51 | 144 | 0.54 |
| 2004 | 47 | 144 | 0.555 |
| 2003 | 44 | 144 | 0.581 |
| 2002 | 47 | 144 | 0.574 |
| 2001 | 46 | 144 | 0.596 |
| 2000 | 47 | 144 | 0.56 |
| 1999 | 48 | 140 | 0.496 |
| 1998 | 54 | 140 | 0.472 |
| 1997 | 52 | 140 | 0.45 |
| 1996 | 55 | 140 | 0.388 |
| 1995 | 57 | 140 | 0.378 |
- Edition published
- 8 February 2026
- Coverage
- Thirty years, 1995 to 2024, for the 145 countries that meet the Growth Lab's trade-volume, population and data-quality thresholds. The field is 140 countries in the earliest years and 145 in the latest. South Africa is absent before 2000.